Major Websites
Soviet Jews' Exodus
Website features: history, Prisoners of Zion focus, press archive, records, recollections, collection of interviews with former Refuseniks, Prisoners of Zion, activists and tribute to diplomats, historians, writers, celebs. Bilingual, but fewer interviews in English.
http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/index.shtml
Beyond the Pale
Major historical and photographic exhibition, all-in-one guide [bilingual]
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/
NCSJ
History of Soviet Jewry and the Aliyah Movement, persecution
http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/history.shtml
Berdichev
http://www.berdichev.org/history.html
Zionism and Aliyah
Jewish Agency for Israel, Education Department
The Story of Zionism
www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/
Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/Story_Zionism/
Israel Diaspora Relationships: Russia
www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/
Compelling+Content/Worldwide+Community/israeldiaspora/Russia.htm
Aliyah
Aliyah from the Six Day War to the Yom Kippur War
www.jewishagency.org/nr/exeres/9b90f1aa-a093-4491-862b-01713790b95b
Aliyah from the USSR/Commonwealth of Independent States
www.jewishagency.org/nr/exeres/532a4d54-e157-4042-a61a-095d7b0d23a4
Russian Jewish History
AXT: Institute for Jewish Policy Research
History of Antisemitism in Russia through today
http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive4/russia/russia.htm
Beyond the Pale
Historical and photographic exhibits, summaries
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/
Berdichev
8 parts, easy reading, with colour photos
http://www.berdichev.org/jewsintherussianempire-1.htm
World Jewish Congress
Brief history of Russian Jewry through today
http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/communities/ussr/comm_russia.html
Michael Beizer/ORT
Jews of St Petersburg
http://www.jewhistory.spb.ru/eng/main/
History of Soviet Jewry
Berdichev
Ukraine; Series for 1940; Series for 1941to 1985; the new Russian Federation
http://www.berdichev.org/history.html
National Council for Soviet Jewry
History chapters, with photo
http://www.ncsj.org/Russia.shtml#Soviet%20Jewry
Under Stalin
Wikipedia
Birobidzhan, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast' (Region) of the USSR, created by Stalin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast
My Jewish Learning
Soviet Jewry 1948 to 1980
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Modern/
Overview_The_Story_19481980/SovietJew.htm
Jewish Genealogy Society, New York
Russian language database of Soviet Jewish soldiers, with English introduction
http://www.jgsny.org/russianintro.htm
Pravda
The Doctor's Plot, vicious article, 1953
http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/vrach-ubijca-e.html
JTA
1952 purge victims honoured
http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/081302JTA.shtml
The Brezhnev Era
Time Magazine
Harsh plight of Soviet Jews, 1971
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904644,00.html
American Jewish Committee
Overview of the history and state of Soviet Jewry (1988)
http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1988_10_EastEurope.pdf
FSU Monitor
Leonid Stonov - Perspective on Antisemitism in Gorbachev/Yeltsin era, 1996
http://www.fsumonitor.com/frames/stonov.html
The Soviet Jewish Aliyah Movement & Campaign in the USSR
Israel Film Service/Steven Spielberg Archive
Let My People Go. Film about the plight of Soviet Jewry attempting to emigrate to Israel during the 1960s-1970s.
Year: 1971 ; Duration: 00:25:14 ; Language: English
http://w3.castup.net/spielberg/
Berdichev
The Soviet Jewry Movement to 1975
http://www.berdichev.org/jewsinurss_b_6.htm
Ian Stolerman
Against the Kremlin Wall, Galina Nizhnikov: The Russian Jewish women's movement in the 1970s
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/00kremlincontents.html
Time Magazine
Soviet Jewish Refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion: Aliyah data to 1987
http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965919,00.html
Refusenik: the movie.
Laura Bialis' widely acclaimed new film about the Refuseniks.
http://www.refusenikmovie.com/
The Refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion - General
Telushkin
The Refuseniks
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Human_Rights/refuseniks.html
Ian Stolerman
Demonstration against the Kremlin Wall – 6 women refuseniks
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/07chap4.html
Time Magazine
Release of major Soviet Jewish Refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion (1987)
http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965919,00.html
American Jewish Committee
Overview, details of released Refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion (1988)
http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1988_10_EastEurope.pdf
Wikipedia
Definition and overview of Soviet Jewish Refuseniks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refusenik_(Soviet_Union)
Human Rights and Soviet Jewry
NY Books
Before the Helsinki Act. Moscow: The Amnesty I appeal
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/9157
Wikipedia
The Moscow Helsinki group: article and related links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Helsinki_Group
Helsinki Watch
http://www.aps.org/apsnews/articles/11259.html
Retrospectives
Soviet Jews' Exodus
Interviews with former Refuseniks and activists
http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/Interview_s/Interview.shtml
Jerusalem Report
Netty Gross, Big Chill Remembered - Flashback on Sharansky, USSR and the Jews, the Soviet Jewry Campaign (2008)
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1203283467510&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter
JTA
Former refuseniks visit Moscow, 2001
http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/122301JTA.shtml
Israel Insider
Views: A reawakening. Former refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion meet in 2002.
http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/1211.htm
Jerusalem Post/WJNA,
Yosef Mendelevich: forgotten hero? Contemporary interview with retrospective on activism, Hebrew, Shabbat and religious life in prison, where he also taught fellow prisoner Sharansky Hebrew [photo].
http://www.worldjewishnewsagency.org/yosef_mendelevich1.htm
Jewish San Francisco
Israel Pensions Bill for former Prisoners of Zion
http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/10025/edition_id/192/format/html/displaystory.html
Judy Balint Jerusalem Diaries,
KGB: Thanks for the Memories. Diplomats reunite with former Prisoners of Zion.
http://www.jerusalemdiaries.com/article/27
New Jersey Jewish News
Leningrad Jewish study group, an exhibit
http://www.njjewishnews.com/njjn.com/022108/mwIsraelExhibitFeatures.html
Anthrobase
Russian Jews: Identities in Russia and Israel today. Contemporary study
http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/T/Trier_T_01.htm
The Soviet Jewry Campaign: Personalities
Prisoners of Zion
Iosif [Yosef] Begun: Refusenik and Prisoner of Zion 1971-1988
Aliyah activist and Hebrew teacher, imprisoned 3 times, including in Siberia, for teaching Hebrew language, which was forbidden, for doing so privately, which was also forbidden, and for his campaign to be allowed to go on Aliyah.
Yosef Begun
Hanukkah in a Soviet Prison, 1971: newly sentenced Jewish activist, together with 22 other Jewish prisoners in adjoining cells in the Moscow Matroshka Tichina prison [his first imprisonment was for 15 days]
http://www.beliefnet.com/nllp/ChickenSoupSoul.aspx?date=12-19-2006&WT.mc_id=NL49
Beyond the Pale
Photo taken during his refusenik days as a Hebrew teacher, in Leningrad, in 1982
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/66-2.html
President Reagan
Statement on Soviet Human Rights Policies, 1983: Response to violations and Begun's recent sentence to 7 years of imprisonment and 5 years of internal exile [third imprisonment].
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/101883b.htm
WZO/Steven Spielberg Archive
Yosef Begun: Human Rights Limited
A film about former Prisoner of Zion, Yosef Begun.
Year: 198?; Duration: 00:24:40; Language: English
http://w3.castup.net/spielberg/
New York Times
Washington Jewish leaders rally for Begun, 1987, still in third imprisonment
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD8173AF932A05752C0A961948260
Overview; Aliyah January 1988
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE1DB1630F93AA25752C0A96E948260
Time Magazine/CNN
President Gorbachev pardons political prisoners, including Begun, 1987: Moscow interview about daily life in prison.
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,963736,00.html
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,963736-1,00.html
Yuli Edelstein: Refusenik 1979-1984; Prisoner of Zion 1984-1987.
Born in Czernowitz, Ukraine, he completed his degree in Moscow and when he was refused an emigration visa (a refusenik), he became a Jewish Aliyah activist and Hebrew teacher, until his imprisonmment. Notably one of the younger generation of refuseniks and one of the last wave to be imprisoned in the Gorbachev era. One of our interviewees on Let My People Go!
Knesset
Biography
http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=1
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Biography
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/2/Yuli%20Edelstein
Jewish Agency
Zionism, The First 120 Years, Chapter 12: From the Lowest Ebb to the Turning Point. [1980s]: Release, Aliyah 1987.
www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/
Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/120/Chapter+Twelve+From+the+Lowest+Ebb+to+
the+Turning+Point.htm
Ephraim Kholmyansky: Refusenik, Hebrew Teacher; Prisoner of Zion 1984-1986
Born in Moscow in 1950, he became an activist and Hebrew language teacher in the late 1970s, heading a network of teachers in 20 cities across the USSR, with connections to clandestine teachers in a further 30 cities. Arrested on visit to Tallin, Estonia in 1984. Interviewee in the film, 'Refusenik'.
Wikipedia
Biography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_Kholmyansky
Edouard Kuznetsov: Refusenik; Prisoner of Zion 1970-1979
Poet, Samizdat writer and Moscow Aliyah activist; first imprisoned as a student (in Morovia and an Siberian exile prison) for 7 years for reading Mayakovsky's works at a public protest meeting during the Thaw, in 1961. At age 30 in 1970, one of a group of refuseniks who planned to hijack a plane from Leningrad to escape to freedom via Sweden, in order to go to Israel; the group was arrested on the tarmac. His death sentence for alleged treason was commuted to 15 yrs. Spent 9 years in a Soviet prison camp; released in a spy exchange. Ex-wife was Prisoner of Zion, Sylva Zalmanson.
The Gratitude Fund
Biography
http://www.thegratitudefund.org/kuzn.html
Jeremayakovka blog
Details, excerpts from the trial, reflections
http://jeremayakovka.typepad.com/jeremayakovka/2006/04/passover_lesson.html
Toronto Slavic Quarterly
The Mayakovsky Square readings
http://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/16/sundaram16.shtml
Yosef Mendelevich: Prisoner of Zion 1970-1981
23 year old Jewish Aliyah activist from Riga who was tried and sentenced as one of a group of refuseniks who planned to hijack a plane from Leningrad in 1970 to escape to freedom via Sweden, in order to go to Israel; the group was arrested on the tarmac and he served 11 years of imprisonment in the Vladimir Prison in Schistopol, Siberia.
InnerNet
Hanoch Teller, Light in the Darkness. Life in the prison, KGB intimidation and deprivation of religious rights; how Yosef celebrated Chanukah with 44 matches.
http://www.innernet.org.il/article.php?aid=15
Jewish Agency
Zionism, The First 120 Years,
Chapter 12: From the Lowest Ebb to the Turning Point. [1980s] Release, Aliyah 1981.
http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/
Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/120/Chapter+Twelve+
From+the+Lowest+Ebb+to+the+Turning+Point.htm
Judy Balint Jerusalem Diaries,
KGB: Thanks For the Memories. Diplomats reunite with former Prisoners of Zion.
http://www.jerusalemdiaries.com/article/27
Jerusalem Post/WJNA,
Yosef Mendelevich: forgotten hero? Contemporary interview with retrospective on activism, Hebrew, Shabbat and religious life in prison, where he also taught fellow prisoner Sharansky Hebrew [photo].
http://www.worldjewishnewsagency.org/yosef_mendelevich1.htm
Azure
Autumn 2004: Article response. Mendelevich explains that Soviet Jewish movement in the USSR acted separately from the US campaign movement initiated by Jacob Birnbaum; followed by response from Birnbaum.
http://www.azure.org.il/magazine/magazine.asp?id=208
Jewish Journal
Elazar Muskin
Lighten Up, Parashat Tetzaveh. The importance of the Torah and how Mendelevich clung to his Bible and its illuminatory power in solitary confinement in Siberia.
http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=6593
Ida Nudel: Refusenik 1971-1987; Prisoner of Zion 1978-1983.
Known as the "mother of the refuseniks", Aliyah advocacy and human rights advocacy on behalf of refuseniks and Prisoners of Zion, exilees; visitor to the labour camps [Gulag]. Imprisoned in Siberia, where her health deteriorated alarmingly.
in Galina Stolerman Nizhnikov, Against the Kremlin Wall [Online ]
Ida's leadership:
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/05chap2.html
The demonstration:
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/06chap3.html
Ida's trial:
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/14chap11.html
More about Ida
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/15chap12.html
Reed, Kfar Olami
Ida's activity on behalf of refuseniks, prisoners, exilees; trial and sentence to exile in Siberia; Sender Levinson's visit to Ida in Siberia.
http://w3.kfar-olami.org.il/reed/resources/landmark/aliyah/INUDEL.htm
Time Magazine: A litte carrot and a big stick
US diplomacy on behalf of human rights, and Ida Nudel in the Carter period [5 pp] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,945982-4,00.html
NYT
Review of film: Addio Mosca, Farewell Moscow, about Ida Nudel, starring Liv Ullman [1987]
http://movies2.nytimes.com/movie/140433/Mosca-Addio/overview
Italian Radical Party [related to Addio Mosca film]
Action by the RP at the 54th Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights.
http://www.radicalparty.org/israel/isr_background.htm
Beyond the Pale
Ida Nudel is freed and arrives in Israel, photo with Jane Fonda (celeb) 1987
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/67-1.html
Anatoly/Natan Sharansky [Shcharansky, Scharansky]:
Refusenik 1973-1986; Prisoner of Zion 1977-1986
Born in Ukraine, mathematician Anatoly Sharansky became involved in the human rights movement in Moscow, then an Aliyah activist, participating in the first Soviet Jewish demonstration at the Synagogue as a refusenik, after the Yom Kippur war. A leader of the refusenik and dissident movements, he was arrested in 1977 and convicted of treason in 1978; after 15 months in the Lefortovo Prison, he was exiled to Siberia, often committed to solitary confinement. His health deteriorated rapidly, but his courage never wavered, through his release in 1986.
Jewish Agency for Israel, Education Department
Biography
http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Jewish+Education/
Compelling+Content/Eye+on+Israel/Gallery+of+People+%28Biographies%29/Sharansky+Natan.htm
Knesset
Biography
http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=127
Beyond the Pale
Portrait from his time as a refusenik and Human Rights activist
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/66-4.html
Public demonstration in Amsterdam for Sharansky's release and Aliyah visa.
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/66-6.html
Jerusalem Post/WJNA,
Yosef Mendelevich: forgotten hero? Contemporary interview with retrospective on activism, Hebrew, Shabbat and religious life in prison, where he also taught fellow prisoner Sharansky Hebrew [photo].
http://www.worldjewishnewsagency.org/yosef_mendelevich1.htm
Haggadahs R Us
Hannukah in the Soviet Gulag (1980s); Final statement to the court (1978)
http://www.haggadahsrus.com/HanukkahProf1_Sharansky.htm
Glienicke Bridge
The Sharansky exchange
http://www.glienicke-bridge.com/Bridge_of_Spies/bridge_of_spies.html
Jewish San Francisco
Return to Moscow in 1997: landmarks in time and space.
http://www.jewishsf.com/bk970131/isharan.htm
Vladimir [and Leonid] Slepak: Refusenik 1970-1987; Prisoner of Zion 1978-1983
Known as the "father of the refuseniks", and a member of the Moscow Helsinki group as well as an Aliyah activist, he advocated on a human rights basis for Jewish and political dissidents. Sentenced to 5 years in exile.
Beyond the Pale
Photo with the Sakharovs, 1978, before his arrest.
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/66-5.html
New York Times
4 articles on Slepak, incl. diplomacy:
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/immigration_and_refugees/index.html?query=SLEPAK,%20VLADIMIR&field=per&match=exact
Review of Chaim Potok's Gates of November: Chronicles of the Slepak Family
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DEFD8173DF932A35751C1A960958260
Time Magazine:
Advocacy; Aliyah in 1987, age 60.
http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965919,00.html
Time Magazine: A litte carrot and a big stick
US diplomacy on behalf of human rights, and Vladimir Slepak in the Carter period [5 pp] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,945982-4,00.html
Sylva Zalmanson: Refusenik ?-1970 ; Prisoner of Zion 1970-1974
In Riga, Sylva was one of a group of young Jewish students impacted by the Six Day War and became an activist – and a refusenik. Together with husband, Edouard Kuznetsov, her two brothers and 12 other refuseniks, she was arrested in 1970 on the tarmac at Leningrad airport, planning to escape to Sweden and Israel by hijacking a plane. The first to be tried, and one of two women in the group, Sylva did not break down. She served 4 years of her 10 year sentence. The Jewish women's movement to free women Prisoners of Zion was the "35s" and it created effective public outcry.
Hirsh Gallery
Short biography
http://www.hirsh-gallery.com/sylvazalmanson_bio.html
One to One
The 35s and their support for refuseniks, campaign for freedom; photo of Sylva Zalmanson after her release
http://www.one-to-one.org/about.cfm
Moving Here
The 35s' lead in the Soviet Jewry struggle in the UK on behalf of Sylva Zalmanson
http://www.movinghere.org.uk/search/catalogue.asp?sequence=780&resourcetypeID=2&recordID=58304
Soviet Jews' Exodus
Interview with Sylva Zalmanson http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/Interview_s/InterviewRichter.shtml
Personal website
Painter – paintings on website, with biography, resume; advertisements.
http://sylvazalmanson.tripod.com/
Myspace profile
http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendid=109304010
Preker Israel
The painter Sylva Zalmanson
http://www.preker.co.il/sylva/
Refuseniks & Activists
Mark Azbel: Refusenik
Eminent Soviet Jewish physicist Mark Azbel lost his job and scientific research status when he applied to emigrate to Israel in 1973, becoming a refusenik and Jewish activist, also publishing in Jewish Samizdat together with Professor Voronel. He gave telephone lectures as a coopted staffer to Tel Aviv University students; also, honorary lectures to University of Maryland students, where scientists campaigned for their right to emigrate.
Time Magazine
Physics with TAU by phone, Voronel and Azbel [1973] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,907505,00.html
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907505,00.html
University of Maryland
1973-75 Human rights for Soviet Scientiets, USA http://prism.cs.umd.edu/papers/Min07:humanrights/index/hr-1973-jun1975.pdf
Binyamin Bogomolny: Refusenik 1966-1986
The longest refusenik: Evgeniy-Binyamin ("Benya") Bogomolny - read our Interview!
Alexander Lerner 1914-2004: Refusenik 1971-1988
Applied mathematician of international standing, field leader in Cybernetics, optimal engineering and biomedical engineering, he lost his job and status when he applied for a visa to Israel. For 17 years he was harassed, but was also supported by foreign scientists because of his international reputation, and advocated from Moscow for dissidents and refuseniks. Still a refusenik when other Jewish scientists were allowed to leave in 1985; most "politicals" (Prisoners of Zion) were released and left 1985-7.
MIT
Physics lectures with MIT via telephone: 1975
http://www-tech.mit.edu/archives/VOL_095/TECH_V095_S0029_P002.pdf
WCJS [World Congress of Jewish Scientists]
Homage to Alexander Lerner at age 90, 2004
http://www.wcjs.org/news6.html
New York Times
Extensive biography with obituary
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/06/international/europe/06lern.html?ei=5090&en=923a136fa291ce4b&ex=1246852800&adxnnl=1&partner=rssuserland
&adxnnlx=1127189156-kIMCjvyLGeYj01PWKo/Tfg
Obituary and biography
http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/columns/December2004/December2004LernerObituary.pdf
Guardian
Obituary with names of publications
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4966942-103610,00.html
Alexander and Nina Voronel: Refuseniks
Eminent Soviet Jewish physicist Alexander Voronel lost his job and scientific research status when he applied to emigrate to Israel, becoming a refusenik and Aliyah activist, publishing Jewish philosophical articles as editor of Jewish Samizdat. He gave telephone lectures as a coopted staffer to Tel Aviv University students; also, honorary lectures to MIT students, where scientists campaigned for his right to emigrate.
Time Magazine
Israel: Physics with TAU by phone, Voronel and Azbel [1973] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,907505,00.html
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907505,00.html
MIT
Physics with MIT: Voronel and Lerner, lectures [1975]
http://www-tech.mit.edu/archives/VOL_095/TECH_V095_S0029_P002.pdf
Amazon
Alexander Voronel Jewishness rediscovered: Jewish identity in the Soviet Union
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (1974). ASIN: B00070SBOU. 72pp.
Avital Sharansky [Natasha Shteiglitz]:
Aliyah Campaign for Natan Sharansky 1974-1986
Avital met Natan Sharansky at a Jewish activists' demonstration at the Moscow synagogue in 1973, following the Yom Kippur war, and became involved in the Soviet Jewish Aliyah movement and a refusenik herself. The couple were married under a chuppah in Moscow just before the date of Avital's exit visa, but he did not receive a visa so she left for Israel alone. After his arrest, from 1974-1986, Avital campaigned tirelessly among Jewish communities, statesmen and diplomats for Natan's health, and freedom from Siberian Exile, until his release and Aliyah in 1986.
Jewish Agency for Israel
Biography with further links: Avital Sharansky
Congressional Gold Medal
Picture of Avital demonstrating, imprisoned Natan is awarded Congressional Gold Medal http://www.congressionalgoldmedal.com/AnatolyandAvitalShcharansky.htm
San Francisco Jewish Film Festival
Avital on film in 1980
http://www.sfjff.com/cgi-bin/sfjff_resource.pl?titleID=733
McGill University Jurists
Avital Sharansky's campaigning overseas
http://interamicus.law.mcgill.ca/hragenda/hreducation/lectures.htm
Aish Hatorah
Speech in Israel, about Jerusalem http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jerusalem/Heart_of__the_Nation.asp
The Soviet Jewry Campaign around the World
Soviet Jewry Campaign - Israel
Wikipedia
Lishkat Hakesher or Nativ, background article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lishkat_Hakesher
Soviet Jews' Exodus
On Baruch Eyal's work in Paris, late 1960s, through the 1980s. Obituary.
www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/WhoHelped_s/WhoHelpedEyal.shtml
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Spielberg Archive
Let My People Go. Film about the plight of Soviet Jewry attempting to emigrate to Israel during the 1960s-1970s.
Year: 1971; Duration: 00:25:14; Language: English
http://w3.castup.net/spielberg/
Time Magazine
Physics lectures with TAU by phone, Voronel and Azbel [1973] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,907505,00.html and
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907505,00.html
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs [MFA]
Israel's Campaign: Address by President Chaim Herzog to the Assembly for Soviet Jewry, 1987
www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1984-1988/298%20Address%20by%20President%20Herzog%20to%20the%20Assembly%20fo
NYT
Israeli action on behalf of Yosef Begun
http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=per&v1=BEGUN,+IOSIF&sort=newest
WIZO
Raya Jaglom and her lifetime work for Soviet Jewry
http://www.wizo.org/english/about_mission_past.asp
Jerusalem Post
Retrospective: Committee marks 40 years of the Soviet Jewish Aliyah Movement and the Campaign
www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1164881976139&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/Printer
Soviet Jewry Campaign – Jewish Communities
Azure, Winter 2004
Jacob Birnbaum and the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry, Yossi Klein Halevi
http://www.azure.org.il/magazine/magazine.asp?id=10
www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/JewishHistory_s/
JewishHistoryBirnbaum_1.shtml
Louis Rosenblum
Louis Rosenblum:
[1] My Involvement in the Soviet Jewry Movement ©
[2] Forty Years Later: A Meeting in Cleveland
Founder of the Cleveland Soviet Jewry Campaign (1964)
www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Modern/Overview_The_Story_19481980/America/AmericanSJmovement.htm
Complete Memoirs Involvement in the Soviet Jewry Movement now online at http://www.clevelandjewishhistory.net/sj/index.htm
Anna Parshina meets Louis Rosenblum, 2007
http://www.clevelandjewishnews.org/articles/2007/07/06/news/local/ccover0706.txt
American Soviet Jewry activist Shirley Goldstein, Omaha: support, supply line, and visits to Soviet Jewry in the USSR
http://www.jewishomaha.org/page.html?ArticleID=114585
Yeshiva University/Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry [SSSJ]
Jacob Birnbaum and the SSJ in the West; the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
http://www.yu.edu/president/article.asp?id=101350
Photogallery: 9 images of Soviet Jewry demonstrations across the USA
http://spider.mc.yu.edu/news/photogallery/photogallery_show.cfm?categoryID=8175
Israel Film Service/Spielberg Archive
Let My People Go. Film about the plight of Soviet Jewry attempting to emigrate to Israel during the 1960s-1970s.
Year: 1971 ; Duration: 00:25:14 ; Language: English
http://w3.castup.net/spielberg/
My Jewish Learning
History of the American Soviet Jewry Movement 1948-1980
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Modern/
Overview_The_Story_19481980/America/AmericanSJmovement.htm
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee/Moscow Times
The Quiet Helper. 90 Years of JDC's work in Russia and the Soviet Union and contemporary work, exhibition by Dr Michael Beizer in Moscow, 2004.
http://context.themoscowtimes.com/story/137244/
One to One
The UK: The 35s and their support for refuseniks, campaign for freedom; photo of Sylva Zalmanson after her release
http://www.one-to-one.org/about.cfm
Moving Here
The Soviet Jewry struggle in the UK
www.movinghere.org.uk/search/catalogue.asp?sequence=780
&resourcetypeID=2&recordID=58304
Beyond the Pale
Demonstration for Soviet Jewry in Holland
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/66-6.html
Havel's House of History
Free Soviet Jewry Campaign button from the 1980s, USA
www.havelshouseofhistory.com/catalog/free_soviet_jewry_button__c__1980s_5264691.htm
Soviet Jews' Exodus
Interviews with former western Jewish activists
http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/Interview_s/Interview.shtml
Soviet Jewry Campaign – Diplomatic, Professional & International
Soviet Jews' Exodus
- The Jackson-Vannick Amendment and others
www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/WhoHelped_s/WhoHelpedJackson.shtml
- Interviews with former western activists
http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/soviet_jews_exodus/English/Interview_s/Interview.shtml
The Columnists
Celebs and journalists for Soviet Jews: Johnson
http://www.thecolumnists.com/johnson/johnson9.html
Ian Stolerman
US and European foreign correspondents meet with Refuseniks 1970s
http://www.istolerman.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Galina/10chap7.html
Moving Here
The 35s and the international Soviet Jewry campaign in the UK. http://www.movinghere.org.uk/search/catalogue.asp?sequence=780&resourcetypeID=2&recordID=58304
MIT
Physics lectures by phone with MIT: Voronel and Lerner, 1975
http://www-tech.mit.edu/archives/VOL_095/TECH_V095_S0029_P002.pdf
Human Rights' Archive, University of Maryland
Physics lectures by phone, 1975
1973-75 Human rights for Soviet Scientiets, USA http://prism.cs.umd.edu/papers/Min07:humanrights/index/hr-1973-jun1975.pdf
Scientists' human rights action USA, 1983
http://prism.cs.umd.edu/papers/Min07:humanrights/index/hr-1983.pdf
University of Washington, Archives
Leonard Schroeter, diplomatic and legal activism for Soviet Jewry
http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/SchroeterLeonard5036.xml
ACM Human Rights Action
Scientific freedom and human rights for Soviet Jewry
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=214922&coll=Portal&dl=ACM&CFID=24197900&CFTOKEN=42755473
President Reagan
Statement on Soviet Human Rights Policies, 1983: Response to violations and Begun's recent sentence to 7 years of imprisonment and 5 years of internal exile [third imprisonment].
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/101883b.htm
NYT
* Diplomatic action on behalf of Yosef Begun
http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=per&v1=BEGUN,+IOSIF&sort=newest
* Review of film: Addio Mosca, Farewell Moscow, about Ida Nudel, starring Liv Ullman [1987]
http://movies2.nytimes.com/movie/140433/Mosca-Addio/overview
Italian Radical Party [related to Addio Mosca film]
Action by the RP at the 54th Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights.
http://www.radicalparty.org/israel/isr_background.htm
Time Magazine
US Diplomacy on behalf of Ida Nudel and Slepak
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,945982-4,00.html
Beyond the Pale
Ida Nudel is freed and arrives in Israel, 1987; greeted by campaigner, celeb Jane Fonda; photo
http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/67-1.html
AJC
Diplomatic context of the Soviet Jewry struggle, 1988.
http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1988_10_EastEurope.pdf
Judy Balint, Jerusalem Diaries,
KGB: Thanks For the Memories. Diplomats reunite with former Prisoners of Zion.
http://www.jerusalemdiaries.com/article/27